Hi rlang,
The biggest security risk of giving the IUSR_computername account write or modify permissions to content is experienced in Shared Hosting or when you run multiple websites on the same server.
Basically, if you give the IUSR_compuername account write or modify permissions to content then every other website on that server configured to run as IUSR_compuername (all sites by default) will also have write or modify permissions to that content, which is of course not good.
It is Microsoft's recommendation that a you use a unique anonymous user for each website, this reduces the risk associated with this and you can even restrict permissions so that one website's anonymous user can't even view the content of another.
However, there is always the risk that your website could be compromised and if write or modify access is given to the anonymous user then the attacker is able to modify the content of the website.
I hope this helps.
Cheers,
Liam